Preventive cancer screenings are one of the most powerful tools we have to protect our health. Many cancers are highly treatable – especially when they’re detected early. Thankfully, there are several effective screenings that can help with this. Knowing which screenings to get and when to start can make a real difference for you and your family. Here’s a quick and easy list to help put you on the right track.
Breast Cancer
Screening: Mammogram
When to start:
- Ages 40–44: Optional annual screening
- Ages 45–54: Annual mammograms recommended
- 55+: Every 1–2 years
Earlier screening may be needed with strong family history or genetic risk.
Cervical Cancer
Screening: Pap test and/or HPV test
When to start:
- 21–29: Pap test every 3 years
- 30–65:
- HPV test every 5 years, or
- Pap test every 3 years, or
- Co-testing every 5 years
Colorectal (Colon) Cancer
Screening: Colonoscopy, stool-based tests, sigmoidoscopy
When to start:
- 45 for average-risk adults
- Colonoscopy every 10 years (or more often if abnormal findings)
Earlier screening if there’s a family history or inflammatory bowel disease.
Prostate Cancer
Screening: PSA blood test (sometimes with digital rectal exam)
When to start discussions:
- 50: Average risk
- 45: Higher risk (African American men or family history)
- 40: Very high risk
Screening is based on shared decision-making with a provider.
Lung Cancer
Screening: Low-dose CT scan
Who should be screened:
- Ages 50–80
- Current or former smokers with a 20 pack-year history
- Currently smoke or quit within the past 15 years
Skin Cancer
Screening: Skin exams (self-exams and clinical exams)
When to start:
- Any age—especially if you have fair skin, high sun exposure, or a history of sunburns
- Annual full-body skin exam if high risk
Ovarian Cancer
Screening: No routine screening for average-risk individuals
What helps:
- Awareness of symptoms
- Genetic counseling/testing if strong family history
Testicular Cancer
Screening: Self-exam
When to start:
- Teens and young adulthood
- Particularly important for those with a history of undescended testicles
Oral (Mouth & Throat) Cancer
Screening: Visual and physical exam (often during dental visits)
When to start:
Adults, especially tobacco or alcohol users
Screening recommendations can vary based on personal and family health history, so make sure to consult your primary care provider during annual check-ups. If something doesn’t feel right – call them early. Preventive care isn’t just about tests – it’s about staying proactive.